William James

William James, an American psychologist and philosopher was born on January 11, 1842 at the Astor House in New York City. His father James Sr. is described as an independently wealthy and notoriously eccentric Swedenborgian theologian well acquainted with the literary and intellectual elites of his day. (wikipedia, 2011, p. 1) The James family were remarkable epistolary of talents. His brother became a prominent novelist and his sister publicly published a diary. James was a very ill child, who had various amounts of sickness both physical and psychological all growing up and eventually until his death. He attended Harvard Medical School in 1864 and the following year, went on a scientific expedition on the Amazon River. Soon after he fell sick and traveled to Germany in search of a cure and stayed until November 1868. His self diagnosed â€Å"soul-sickness† was cured in 1872. James went on to earn his M. D. in June 1872, although he would never practice medicine. In the same year James began to teach at Harvard University. In his spare time James read philosophy and began to see a link between it and physiology. To James the two seemed to converge in psychology. Morris, Maisto, 2010, p. 6) He published his first textbook, The Principles of Psychology in 1890. He married Alice Gibbons in 1878. William James studied and taught biology, medicine, and psychology but was more interested in the scientific study of the human mind. James' acquaintances Herman Helmoholtz of Germany Pierre Janet of France implemented courses of scientific psychology at Harvard in the 1875-76 school ye ar. (Shultz, 2004, p. 179). James and associates created the lively group known as The Metaphysical Club in 1872. Some of James' students included Boris Sidis, Theodore Roosevelt, W. E. B. Dubois, Walter Lipmann, Mary Culkins, Ralph Barton Perry, G. Stanley Hall, Horace Kallen, and George Santayana. William James retried from Harvard University in 1907. James published Pragmatism, Pluralistic Universe and The Meaning Of The Truth. During his last years he became ill again but this time with cardiac pain. James worked on a philosophy text (unfinished but posthumously published as Some Problems In Philosophy. The following year James sailed to Europe to partake in experimental treatments that proved to be unsuccessful. He returned home and finally succumbed to his illness on August 26, 1910 t his home in Chocorua, NH. He was buried at Cambridge Cemetery in Cambridge, MA, in the family plot. (wikipedia, 2011, p. 3) James despite his constant illnesses lived a very prestigious life, he lived out his passions and researched his curiosities. He was one of the strongest proponents of Pragmatism in philosophy and functionalism in psychology. James founded the American Society for Psychical Research. He always challenged his colleagues and students not to let a narrow mindset prevent and honest appraisal of those. (wikipedia, 2001, p. 3) James was found to be the 14th most eminent psychologist of the 20th Century. (Haggbloom, 2002, vol. , 6, No. 2, 139-45) Pragmatism is defined by James as â€Å"truths emerge from facts, but they dip forward into fact again and add to them; which facts again create or reveal new truth (the word is indifferent) and so on indefinitely. The ‘facts' themselves meanwhile are not true. They simply are. Truth is the function of the beliefs that start and terminate among them. † (Mounce, 1997). â€Å"The Will To Believe† a philosophy of pragmatism and a famous lecture of 1897 by James defended the right to violate the principle of evidentialism to justify hypothesis' venturing. This theory justifies religious beliefs by using results of his hypothetical venturing to prove support the hypothesis' truth. â€Å"My first act of free will shall be to believe in free will. † (XXX, 1909, p. 177) James simply asserted that his will was a free two-stage decision process that separates chance, from choice. The Philosophy of Religion was taken very seriously by James he interpreted religious experiences according to his pragmatic conclusions. He claimed that when studying Religion the main topic should be just that, Religion because everything else is just a descendent of Religion. James also said that only a Psychologist can accurately interpret Religious experiences because have the best insight of the human mind. in 1884 William James published an article â€Å"What Is An Emotion? † (psychclassics, 1884, p. 188-205) he conceived of an emotion in terms according to a sequence of events. This article was very important not only because of his remarkable response to the question but also because there were no psychology journals, yet. James felt that emotions were often accompanied by bodily responses. For example If you were to run from a vicious dog, your body will respond to your emotion of fear by heart rate increase, because you ran your body will sweat and/or ache you may also be out of breathe. Basically your body goes through physiological upheaval. Now love has a totally different physiological signature, the parasympathetic nervous system.

North Korean Authoritative Government Essay

In this paper, I will attempt to explain why authoritarianism regimes such as the one in North Korea, still continues to govern even though the government is one of the more corrupted types of government still in existence today. The word authoritarianism is defined as, â€Å"a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc. )†(Word Net) There are currently many countries in our world that are not democratic societies. There are authoritarian regimes that still exist today. Probably one of the more well known authoritarian regimes is the government in North Korea. North Korea gained its independence from Japan in the year 1945. Kim Jong Il is currently the leader of North Korea. The mismanagement of economics through the 1990’s has made North Korea rely heavily on international aid to feed its population. North Korea has expanded their resources to help develop a military of about one million soldiers. Central Intelligence Agency) â€Å"North Korea’s long-range missile development, as well as its nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons programs and massive conventional armed forces, are of major concern to the international community. † (Central Intelligence Agency) The government in North Korea is a big part to blame for the economic struggles. In President Bush’s first State of the Union Speech he declared North Korea as part of the â€Å"Axis of Evil. † President Bush also went on to say his goal was, â€Å"†to prevent regimes that sponsor terror from threatening America or our friends with weapons of mass destruction. He singled out Iraq, Iran and North Korea, claiming these states â€Å"and their terrorist allies constitute an axis of evil arming to threaten the peace of the world. † (Fact Sheet) â€Å"The United States must act against these regimes by denying them the â€Å"materials, technology and expertise† to make nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and provide them to terrorists, Bush said. † (Fact Sheet) North Korea is currently a communist-state one-man dictatorship. Under a communist-state one-man dictatorship elections are held but there is nobody to run against the leader. For instance in September of 2003 there was an election held in North Korea. Kim Jong Il and Kim Yong Nam were the only nominees for the positions and nobody opposed them. (Central Intelligence Agency) The government controls the people. The government rules a lot of what the people of North Korea can do or say. For the executive branch in this country, Kim Jong Il has been the ruler since July of 1994. Kim Yong Nam is the president of its Presidium and he also has the responsibility of representing state and receiving diplomatic credentials. Central Intelligence Agency) As for the legislative branch, the ruling party approves a list of candidates who are elected without opposition, but some seats are held by minor parties. (Central Intelligence Agency) The judicial branch of North Korea consists of a central court, and the judges are elected by the Supreme People’s Assembly. The way this government is set up is very different than the way the democratic states are set up. In a democratic society the people get to vote for leaders and high ranking officials. While in these authoritarianistic regimes, the people have no say in who is going to run their country. There have been many North Koreans that have tried to escape either to China or South Korea. Few people have made it across the boarders safely. However, if they fail to escape and they are captured by the North Korean military they will be tortured or even executed in some cases. (Pearson Education) â€Å"North Korea, one of the world’s most secretive societies, has been accused of egregious human-rights violations, including summary executions, torture, inhumane conditions in prison camps, which hold up to 200,000 prisoners, and denial of freedom of expression and movement. Access to the country is strictly limited and North Korea’s domestic media is tightly controlled, making it difficult to substantiate the accusations. † (Pearson Education) I believe a huge part of why North Korea is actually still in existence is because the military has so much control on the people. Of course no country wants to start a war with North Korea because of their military strength and their nuclear weapons. â€Å"A number of stabilizing elements assist the regime’s efforts to maintain internal order. The society seems united in popular support for the party, and the people have a strong sense of national pride. Kim Il Sung, by all indications, truly is admired and supported by the general population. † (Federal Research Division Library of Congress: Pg 275) It is difficult for people that are from a democratic government to actually understand why authoritarianism governments work. Most all of the authoritarianism governments that I know have a strong following from their people. Whether the masses like the leader because he is helping the economy or helping a food shortage situation is another story. Personally I think these people in these countries are so afraid of what the leader might do to them or their family that they just do what they are told. Of course these people have never had it any other way. They don’t know what it is like to have a democracy. They don’t know what it is like to voice their opinion. The people in North Korea didn’t get to choose where they wanted to be born. If we had a free world I’m sure when some of those people realized that there are better governments in the world that won’t control your every move then they would leave the country. It is just not that easy for anyone to just get up and go to China or South Korea. People born into democratic societies should be thankful that they can enjoy the freedoms that they have, because there are other parts of the world where the idea of having rights is completely out of their control. There is no possible way the people can over throw the government in North Korea. North Korea has too strong of a military. One way the government will get overthrown is if it is done internally. The second way it will get overthrown is if they go to war with another country and they lose their power. â€Å"Indeed, research on Korean communism has become the pursuit of an avocation, meandering off the mainstream of contemporary social science. Most students of Korean communism have come under the influence, in varying degrees, of the lingering legacy of Kremlinology and the advancing model of Chinese studies. Following the general lines of development in Chinese studies in the 1960s and 1970s, research on Korean communism has shown an uneven advancement. On balance, research and knowledge concerning North Korea’s domestic politics and economy have developed more rapidly and significantly than the study of its foreign policy, which has remained neglected and underdeveloped. (Kim Pg:282) The economy in North Korea is struggling. Due to flooding and the lack of arable land, the people in North Korea are at a food shortage. Massive amounts of international food aid have allowed people of North Korea not to starve. Central Intelligence Agency) Mal-nutrition and poor living conditions still exist heavily in North Korea. As with everything else in the country, the government has the right to control the food and economic conditions. The religions that are practiced in this authoritarianism government are traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, with some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way. ) â€Å"Autonomous religions activities now are almost nonexistent; government sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom. (Central Intelligence Agency) Like other authoritarianistic governments such as Cuba, Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq until not to long ago, the regimes will last until somebody does something about it. The United States ended the authoritarianism regime in Iraq because we had enough military power to overtake Sadaam Hussein. The U. S. troops are still over in Iraq trying to force the Iraqi people into having a democracy. The Iraqi people that have voted so far on the new leader of their country is not a man that the United States wants t o have them run their country. Sadaam Hussein would still be in power and have complete control of Iraq if the United States didn’t take him out of power. The military balance in South Korea is much stronger then North Korea. In case of another North Korean invasion, the South Korean military only has about 600,000 people while the north has around one million. However these numbers are misleading because of the fact that these numbers don’t include the superior training, equipment, and logistical support that the south has. Kang: Pg 262) â€Å"The South has outspent the North on defense in the last 15 years, if not longer. † (Kang: Pg 262) North Korea’s nuclear threats are a grave concern for South Korea and the rest of the world. The Soviets were building bombs in the 1950’s and China developed a nuclear bomb in the early 1960’s. North Korea didn’t start trying to assemble nuclear weapons until South Korea became a threat to them because they were overtaking North Korea in a lot of areas during the 1970’s. Kang: Pg 266) â€Å"North Korea’s significance to the world with a bomb is much greater than without a bomb. † (Kang: Pg 266)In conclusion, there are many reasons why the authoritarianism regime in North Korea is still up and running to this day. There is simply no way that anyone can overthrow the government unless it is done internally. The people located in these authoritarianism regimes usually like the leader, and agree to what he says. These people didn’t choose where they wanted to be born just like nobody in a democratic state had an opinion as to where they would like to be born. It is sad that most all of the money spent in North Korea is aimed toward building up a better military and not helping out with the economy or the food shortages. The only way these people know how to live is to be ruled by a dictator. Until the United States or some other world power takes down North Korea, the authoritarianism regime will continue to govern.

Video Games And Its Effects On Society - 924 Words

In the video games, for example, we found a series of steps we must take, no real ambiguity with which we have to face in life to many of our decisions. Metaphors, which form of knowledge that helps us to live in the paradoxical nature of life, are outside the transfer of continuous images you see on television and other media. Essential to produce universes of meaning, we cannot escape the need for us to continue it and relate to the world. It may be that the neurological system is enriched with certain aspects of electronic popular culture, but how works in our consciousness? Video games can be dangerous if prolonged long exposure to them. Reflecting the extreme violence causes aggressive players, because the brain reacts as if these violent video games were real, creating repeating patterns in everyday life. Can the brain differentiate reality from fiction or only does our conscience, that appendix that physically is not yet fully determined? Do you develop electronics our capacit y for judgment or, conversely, the sleep? The human being is not only a machine to make decisions, but also a thinking, capable of generating its own universe of meaning to be. The problems of electronic entertainment mechanical responses produced in us, and the system of Johnson makes us think of dopamine as a mere dispenser of pleasure too mechanical and not a complex form of interaction with our surroundings. That role it plays in our lives consciousness. Johnson has been hypothesized thatShow MoreRelatedVideo Games And Its Effects On Society1463 Words   |  6 Pages Movies, video games, music and television shows come in different genres. However, depending on age in regards to youth not just anyone is allowed to: watch certain movies, buy just any video game, listen to any music or watch any tv show. Sometimes they can see certain movies with a parent or guardian. Seeing violence in excess causes violent acts to take place in society because it gives ideas to viewers or listeners especially those who are young. This the reason there are ratings for mediaRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effect On Society Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 1970’s, video games in America have been controversial. Currently around 97% of America s children play video games in some form; from home consoles such as Xbox, to personal computers and mobile games on smartphones, even in an educational form, video games are nearly everywhere and bringing in big money. Around $21 billion is being funneled into a domestic video game industry. But what are these kids viewing when playing video games and how does that affect their role in society? A commonRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Society1274 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in video games can affect ones mindset in so many different ways, where we don’t even realize it. For example playing â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† for a few hours will change your mindset. Even though it wouldn’t be in a tremendous way, but for a few minutes your mindset will think, â€Å"This game is so much fun, I want to steal cars, have police chase me, shoot at people, even steal helicopters†. According to Social scientists in the New York Times, Many studies have shown that this is becoming a majorRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effect On Society1525 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The reason why people find it so enjoyable is that games are usually the right degree of challenging and the player takes an active role (unlike watching television) so there is an incentive to achieve† (Gee) . Ever since video games were invented there was an immediate attachment and an unwillingness to release them. They present chances to accomplish things one may not be able to do in their life, and provides an escape from reality. Video games also imprint and teach new skills to the gamers whoRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effect On Society980 Words   |  4 PagesAs a growing medium, video games are often associated with various negative connotations that have obfuscated its positive contributions made to society. As a result, the general public is unaware of how video games have shaped modern-day, some even consider it a meaningless teenager pastime, but this is distant from reality. Video games are important to society at large because they do not serve for entertainment purposes only, they are a major force in the economy, scientific research, and militaryRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Society1588 Words   |  7 PagesSince the creation of Spacewar in spring of 1962, vi deo games have dramatically improved along with technology. It has become the most popular way of entertainment in modern civilization, but it also has become a subject of public concern regarding to its negative effects on peoples psychological and physical problems, especially in children and teens. Video games are now recognized by a study as an addiction according to the journal Psychological Science: â€Å"Researchers used data on 1,200 childrenRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Society2285 Words   |  10 PagesFrom the inception of Pong to the latest chapter of the video game series Assassin’s Creed, virtual gaming has been scorned and shunned as a detriment to society. Older generations speculate that incessant gaming in young children insinuates violence, antipathy, lack of creative initiative, and develops an unhealthy isolation from the real world. However, in recent years, these postulates have been put to the test; a number of scientists have conducted ex perimentation in order to discover whetherRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Game On Society1466 Words   |  6 PagesFor generations games have been an important part of our culture. Many of these games center on war and strategic tactics. Boys and girls have played soldier, Cowboys and Indians, Monopoly, or Chess . Through games such as these the future men and women of society learned strategy and the consequences of controlling and restraining themselves because their actions had consequences. However with the invention of the computer high definition graphics, these games, and many others have been createdRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On The Society859 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to a U.S Study by Rideout Et Al (As Cited in Anderson Bushman 2001.a), the popularity of video games is rapidly increasing. In a U.S study by Butchman Funk (As Cited in Anderson Bushman 2001.b), Around 60 percent of 4th grade girls prefer violent games and about 3 out of every 4 boys with a similar age also prefer ferocious ones. This essay will argue that violence in video games should be censored. For the purpose of this essay, violence can be defined as the physical force intendedRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effect On Society1298 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction During the advent of video games, the world was taken by storm, as this new type of entertainment caught the attention and imagination of the populace; but as this attention grew, concern and scrutiny weren’t far behind. Controversy finally got its chance in the 1990s, when games finally upgraded to 16-bit, giving them the ability to depict realistic blood and gore in games like Moral Kombat; which was criticized for excessive violence, a reason Congress used to create the Entertainment

Dirty Facts About Research Papers Writing Help Exposed

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Alternative Energy for Future - 1679 Words

Alternative Energy for Future Nowadays the most common energy resources come from Fossil Fuel, which according to research it shows that more of 85% of all energy that is consumed in the United States. It takes millions of years for the Fossil Fuel to actually develop and ready to be used, and the main concern of Fossil Fuel is that it cannot be consumed over and over again or reused. Through this analysis it can be assumed that because it takes millions of years for the fossil fuel to develop, and we came up with two assumptions that would lead the innovation of producing energy using different resources. The first assumption is that there is more fossil fuel that is used rather than what is provided or reserved by the nature. This act†¦show more content†¦There are two different types of thermal energy used, passive and active form. Passive solar heating does not require any equipments because the heat because it enters the building independently. On the other hand, active solar heating needs a medium to absorb and store solar radiation. One example of an active solar heating is energy storage system. Other than that, solar thermal power plant indirectly produces electric power when heat of the solar collected is used to heat a fluid; this method could transfer a system to produce steam. Solar thermal energy works almost the same as creating energy but actually it is by converting energy using the sun’s radiation. Besides passive and active benefits of using solar energy, it also has less damage and fewer side effects to the environment since it does not produce any pollution. However, there are costs in terms of producing solar cells. Many scientists aware of the negative impacts that photovoltaic cells production has, it is because toxic metal such as mercury, lead, and cadmium are used during the process of manufacturing solar cell. It definitely increases the issue of global warming. However we all know that all good things must have a trade off, where in this case the amount of good that we receive is more than the cost that we produce. Thus it is a good thing for the society. Hydropower energyShow MoreRelatedThe Future Of Alternative Energy1583 Words   |  7 Pages Alternative energy is defined as â€Å"energy generated in ways that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment, especially by avoiding the use of fossil fuels and nuclear power.† It is one of the most commonly debated topics of this century. We are now coming to a time where energy can be created without harming the environment. There are many examples of ways we can get energy without harming the environment. Ways such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass electricity, hydroelectric energyRead MoreSolar Energy : The Future Of Alternative Energy Sources Essay1920 Words   |  8 Pagesof attention to coating technology in the past 10 years. Solar energy is considered the future of alternative energy sources. It has been recognized as one of the most widely used renewable sources of energy in the few recent years for its non-polluting characteristics which combats the Gr eenhouse effect on global climate created by the use of fossil fuels, figure 1.6. The generation of solar power is done by converting the solar energy into electricity by using either photo-voltaic (PV) solar cellsRead MoreEssay Geothermal Energy: The Alternative of the Future2147 Words   |  9 PagesGeothermal Energy: The Alternative of the Future When the energy crisis hit Americans in the 1970s, people were scrambling to find ways to conserve energy. The crisis brought to attention the very real shortage of fossil fuels. Gas and oil prices skyrocketed, and Americans looked for ways to save energy. They started producing smaller cars, driving less, and turning down their thermostats. Also, they started to examine alternate energy sources, such as solar, geothermal, and biomass. For a whileRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources And The Future Of Those Sources1223 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 150 28 September 2015 Alternate Energy Sources and the Future of those sources Some of the major on-going controversies in this decade are Keystone XL pipeline , fracking and climate change. These issues are co-related to each other and they all have one thing in common i.e energy from fossil fuels . Proponents for the Keystone XL pipeline fracking argue that it would reduce the energy dependence on foreign oil. Although they are good for the energy security of the US, it may be a step backwardsRead MoreAlternative Future Energy Storage And Conversion Systems780 Words   |  4 PagesMetal-air batteries have been intensively explored as an alternative future energy storage and conversion systems owing to their intrinsically high energy and power densities, the relatively mature research on air electrode, and cost effective composition of non-noble fuel electrode, as well as in response to the high energy demand for portable devices and electric vehicles even stationary power plants [1–5]. Of late, research into the metal-air techniques has been focused on Zn-air (~1,000 Wh kg-1)Read MoreThe Rise Of China, Alternative Energy, And The Future Of Global Currency3228 Words   |  13 PagesThe Rise of China, Alternative Energy, and the Future of Global Currency American hegemony began with a unique economic market. The unregulated version of capitalism employed and protected by the United States Government (USG) was developed by individual entrepreneurs operating in the freest market in the world. They innovated petroleum refining and business practices that are still supporting U.S. global monetary control and financial power today. Now that humanity is making a shift away fromRead MoreExploring Alternative Energy Sources Essay647 Words   |  3 Pagesdeveloping world, vast amounts of energy resources are being utilized at an alarming rate, one which can certainly result in the extinction of our valuable natural resources. Moreover, majority of the energy resources utilized today are non-renewable natural resources like the petroleum products which account for nearly eighty percent of all the energy resources used. Thus, exploring alternative forms of energy so as to decrease our dependency on non-renewable forms of energy and consequ ently save the environmentRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources For Renewable Energy1710 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern for our environment, alternative energy has become a source of energy that is an alternative to the problem that these fossil fuels have caused our Earth. Alternative energy are renewable and is considered to be free energy sources (Alternative Energy). All alternative energy sources have lower carbon emissions when being compared to conventional energy sources. These sources include Biomass Energy, Wind, Solar, Geothermal, and Hydroelectric Energy (Alternative Energy). With the use of recyclingRead MoreNew Energy for the Future1358 Words   |  6 PagesNew Energy for the Future For years man has relied on energy in order to be successful in life. The industrial revolution relied on coal for the new inventions brought into the world. Life as has never been the same since then. However since that time, there has been little done to improve on energy efficiency and humans still primarily rely on fossil fuels for energy. For over a hundred years the Earth has become more polluted and dirtier than ever before. Now, with new, innovative technology thereRead MoreRenewable Energy : The Beneficial Option For The Future !1227 Words   |  5 PagesRenewable energy; the beneficial option for the future! The threat of global warming is influencing people to become â€Å"greener,† turning to renewable energy options which are often referred to as alternative energy. Renewable energy refers to energy that does not come from burning of fossil fuels or pollutant infused methods to provide energy. It is the harnessing of natural resources that are constantly renewable such as sunlight for solar panels and wind for wind turbines, just to name two (Lamb

The Vark free essay sample

For example you may have two strong preferences Visual and Aural (VA) or Read/write and Kinesthetic (RK), or you may have three strong preferences such as VAR or ARK. Some people have no standout scores. Their scores are almost even for all four modes. For example one person had scores of V=6, A=6, R=6, and K=6. She said that she adapted to the mode being used or requested for her learning. If the teacher, trainer or supervisor preferred a written mode she switched into Read/write for her responses and for her learning. So multiple preferences give you choices of two or three or four modes to use for your learning and for your interaction with others. Positive reactions mean that those with multimodal preferences choose to match or align their mode to the significant others around them. But, some people have admitted that if they want to be annoying they may stay in a mode different from the person with whom they are working. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vark or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example they may ask for written evidence in an argument, knowing that the other person much prefers to use only oral information. You will need to read two or three or four lists of strategies provided in the VARK Helpsheets. If you have two almost equal preferences please read the study strategies that apply to both preferences. If you have three preferences read the three lists that apply and similarly for those with four. There is obviously no  Multimodal  helpsheet. One interesting piece of information that people with multimodal preferences have told us, is that it is often necessary for them to use more than one strategy for learning and communicating. They feel insecure with only one. Alternatively those with a single preference often  get it  by using the set of strategies that align with that single preference. We are also noticing some differences among those who are multimodal and who have chosen fewer than 25 options and those who have chosen more than 30. Those who have chosen fewer than 25 of the options in the questionnaire prefer to see their highest score as their main preference almost like a single preference and they use each preference mode singly to suit each situation. Those who have a total VARK score larger than 30 tend to use their preferences in combination needing all their preferred modes to get a good understanding. To read more about Multimodality you can download an article written by Neil Flem

What Is Essay Editing

What Is Essay Editing Essay editing is the process of rectifying mistakes in an essay. Before the essay is submitted, it should be revised thoroughly to check for any grammatical errors or vague phrases. Vague phrases are sentences that cannot be understood easily and require a lot scrutinizing before the meaning can be established. After writing an essay, the headache is trying to conclude it, arriving at an arguable thesis or organizing the ideas. Students find this process challenging and confusing and end up making petty mistakes that cost them a lot of marks. Here are a few guidelines that may help in the essay editing process; 1. Read out your essay Trying to sieve out your mistakes by reading your essay might not be such an effective method to use. It is quite possible that your eye will skip out on common mistakes that will ruin your essay. The best way to go about this is by reading your essay out loud. Where your eyes have failed, your ears will succeed. Reading out loud will help you hear the mistakes made. 2. Counter check if all your words help in bringing out the meaning Make sure that your choice of words adds meaning to your essay. Every word should be adding meaning to your essay in the sense that your essay is straight and to the point. Keep checking for phrases like My own personal opinion. This phrase is an example of phrases that should be avoided at all costs. Ask yourself what the word personal means then check the phrase and you will see its redundancy. Using Own personal with my only ruins your essay. Opt for using My opinion instead. Also, check if you have used excessive use of words to explain something that might be explained with just a few. Avoid using excessive words just to meet the word count limit. 3. Keep your language simple and direct Using complex words will only end up confusing your readers even more. Be specific and explain every point with clarity. A sentence like The evils of the society will affect our resources negatively will end up ruining your essay. Your readers will want to know what evils? What resources? Which societies? Remember your readers want to know exactly what it is you are trying to put across. All your points should be clear. 4. Avoid using complex words Most students end up using complex words with the aim of trying to sound smart. Inappropriately elevated language can end up in nouns getting used as verbs. Instead of sounding smart, you end making a fool out of yourself. If you find yourself adding words just to sound smart, consider revising your essay. 5. Make sure your essay sentences are appropriately placed It is quite normal to feel bad while cutting out sentences that you are most fond of in your essay. If you happen to see yourself in such a situation, remind yourself that a meaningful and relevant essay is better than having one with sentences that make no sense. Great writers will not be afraid to get rid of those kinds of sentences. Essay editing requires a lot of scrutiny and revision. It is not as complex as it sounds; all students need to keep in mind is how to deliver an essay with few irregularities.