Othello Essay Example for Free

Othello Essay The language of sin is not just Ð ° theologically freighted way of talking about morally bad acts; it points to Ð ° deeper flaw within human life as we experience it, Ð ° perversion of outlook and desire that we may come to recognise but cannot fully evade. Overview According to Ð ° view going back to Aristotle (and probably earlier); someone who acts out of Ð ° mistaken belief about Ð ° relevant matter of fact may not be morally culpable for what would otherwise be Ð ° bad action. For example, Ð ° doctor who administers an antibiotic without realising that his patient is allergic to it is not guilty of murder if the patient subsequently dies, assuming that the mistake in question is Ð ° good-faith error which the doctor could not have avoided (perhaps the patient neglected to give the correct information about allergies when asked to do so). In this kind of situation, ignorance of relevant facts would seem to render the act in question involuntary in Ð ° qualified respect that is to say, precisely considered as an act of murder. (Travitsky 184-96) And since we presuppose that someone is morally responsible only for her freely chosen actions, it follows that in these kinds of cases, the agent cannot be regarded as morally culpable for what is objectively Ð ° bad action. In the tragedy of Othello, many animal references are made by Iago to the people he disrespects. The purpose of Shakespeare depicting Iago as Ð ° character who perceives others as animals is to show his dominance and his representation of mankind, illustrating his superiority over others. The interpretation of Iago signifying mankind reveals another side of him, his bestial nature. (David et. All 1335-38) Discussion Aristotle apparently did not believe that the same line of analysis could be applied to someone who acts out of Ð ° mistaken moral view, and Aquinas and most other scholastic theologians would have agreed, albeit not always on Aristotelian grounds. 2 However, in recent years Ð ° number of moral theologians and some philosophers have argued that moral mistakes do obviate moral guilt that is, someone who acts out of Ð ° sincere but wrong belief that Ð ° given kind of action is morally permissible cannot be regarded as morally culpable for what she does, even if the act in question is in every other respect voluntary. Of course, if this extension of the Aristotelian argument is to be plausible, one would need to add that the mistake in question is not itself the result of prior wrong-doing, and that the agent has taken due care to form his conscience appropriately and to determine what he genuinely owes to himself, to other persons, and (perhaps) to non-human entities or to God. Given these qualifications, however, one might say, for example, that Ð ° doctor who kills her patient in the sincere but (let’s assume) mistaken belief that she is justified in thus ending his suffering is not subjectively guilty of murder. The agent freely commits, and is therefore morally responsible for, Ð ° kind of action that (by hypothesis) meets the objective criteria for murder; yet given that she acts out of Ð ° mistaken belief that the act in question is not morally wrong, she does not commit Ð ° voluntary act of murder, considered precisely as an act of wrongful killing. (Straznicky 104-34) This is at least Ð ° plausible view. It seems harsh to regard someone as morally guilty for an action carried out under the mistaken, yet sincere and conscientious belief that an act of the relevant kind is morally justified particularly when we reflect that none of us can be certain that our own moral beliefs are correct in every respect. What is more, this line of analysis seems to correspond to at least some widespread intuitions. I believe most people in industrialised societies would be prepared to take this line with respect to cases involving widely controversial and difficult issues, as presented, for example, by an act of euthanasia. However, in other kinds of cases, we may well balk at the conclusion that moral ignorance justifies Ð ° particular line of action. Imagine Ð ° doctor who kills her patient because he is an extremely unpleasant old man who is tormenting his family for no good purpose; what is more, he has left Ð ° large sum of money to Ð ° charity which desperately needs it. The doctor sincerely believes that the needs of this man’s relatives and the demands of the common good override her obligations not to kill, and she acts accordingly. (David et. All 1335-38) Analysis In response, it might be said that some moral norms are so obvious that no one could make Ð ° good faith mistake about them; thus, Ð ° mentally competent adult who genuinely does not know that murder is wrong must be guilty of (at least) culpable neglect. This argument fits well with what came to be the dominant scholastic view on ‘ignorance of the law’ with respect to the natural law that is to say, since the fundamental precepts of the natural law are in some sense innate, Ð ° competent adult cannot fail to grasp them unless she is guilty of some kind of prior wrong-doing or negligence. Some contemporary theologians extend this line of analysis as follows: Admittedly, some moral mistakes are ipso facto evidence of prior wrong-doing, negligence, or bad faith. Yet, at least with respect to the difficult and complex questions we face today, genuine, non-culpable moral mistakes are both possible and exculpating. (Travitsky 184-96) This line of analysis, in turn, lends credence to Ð ° widespread view according to which one’s moral status depends exclusively on the orientation of the agent’s will as expressed through her freely chosen actions (considered either singly, or as comprising an overall pattern of behaviour). Straznicky 104-34) On this view, Ð ° mistaken moral judgment, while regrettable, has no moral significance in itself. In the words of John Coons and Patrick Brennan, ‘It is, then, plainly plausible that while humans have Ð ° primary obligation to seek correct treatment of others (and self), their honest pursuit of that ideal effects whatever moral perfection is possible to the individual’. Certainly, it is true that Othello acts as he does out of Ð ° mistaken belief about Desdemona’s infidel ity. But I want to argue that this mistake alone would not account for his act, were it not for other mistaken beliefs he holds, at least one of which clearly concerns Ð ° moral principle. Before moving to that point, however, is it worth spending some time over Othello’s factual mistakes (I believe he makes more than one), seen in the context of what we are shown about his overall character and disposition. Even if we bracket the special difficulties raised by moral mistakes, the moral significance of mistaken beliefs is not as straightforward as we may assume or so Othello’s example would suggest. (Jane et. All 19-47) Othello’s story is Ð ° tragedy, and not just Ð ° very sad story, because it is the story of the destruction of Ð ° noble, deeply admirable man brought about through his own weaknesses, systematically exploited by Ð ° malicious enemy. In order for this story to have the force that it does, Shakespeare must first of all make it clear that Othello really is noble and deeply admirable. This point is sometimes obscured by the vulgar racist slurs directed against him by Iago and at least tacitly accepted by some of the other characters (see, for example, I. 1, 88–89). Yet isn’t this the kind of thing that we would expect Iago to say? Shakespeare takes pains to show that Othello himself does not fit the stereotypes of the lustful, rash and unthinking black man on which Iago trades. On the contrary when we first see him, in the encounter with Brabantio (Desdemona’s father), it is the latter that is rash and unthinking, not to say hysterical, whereas Othello is Ð ° model of self-restraint under extreme provocation (I. 2, beginning at line 58). He defends himself before the Venetian senate in terms of great dignity and candour, and his account of his love for Desdemona makes it clear that he truly does love her, just as her love for him is no girlish infatuation, but an intelligent response to his past sufferings and his noble character (I. , 129ff. ). His subsequent behaviour is that of Ð ° devoted husband who also bears Ð ° public trust, to which he properly gives priority with his wife’s full understanding and consent far from jumping into bed with his new bride, he sails to Cyprus and sees to preliminary arrangements for the defence and governance of the island, apparently before his marriage is ever consummated (I. 3, 260–79, and espec ially 299–300). Even Iago admits that left to him, Othello will most probably make Desdemona Ð ° good, loving husband (II. , 284–85). What is more, Othello is Ð ° seasoned general of many years’ experience, the best military mind available to the Venetians, someone whom they regard as worthy of unrestrained public trust this is no unsophisticated fool, but Ð ° mature, intelligent man at the height of Ð ° vital and demanding profession. And yet, this dignified and loving man is first reduced to Ð ° state of near-dementia, and then brought to Ð ° cool determination to kill his wife, through the machinations of Iago. In watching this process, it is difficult not to get caught up in the sheer fascination of Iago’s deliberate villainy how could anyone be so callous to every human feeling, so cheerfully calculating as he plans the destruction of those around him, so irredeemably evil? Confronted by such Ð ° spectacle, it is easy to overlook the fact that Othello’s transformation from Ð ° loving husband into Ð ° relentless avenger is, in its own way, almost as disturbing. (David et. All 1335-38) How can such Ð ° transformation take place? Of course, Othello is the victim of Ð ° deliberate deception, but that fact alone does not really answer the question, because it is by no means clear how Iago manages to convince Othello of Desdemona’s guilt after all, he has no actual evidence whatever, and not very much in the way of circumstantial evidence. What is more, even granting Othello’s conviction of Desdemona’s guilt, it would not be necessary for him to kill her he could banish her, as she pleads (V. 2, 79), or divorce her and send her back to her family. He might even forgive her and try to retrieve his marriage. (Straznicky 104-34) Thus, Iago’s malicious deception, while troubling in its own right, should not be allowed to obscure the puzzles presented by Othello’s own behaviour. Why is he vulnerable to Iago’s designs in the first place, and why does he react to Desdemona’s adultery (as he believes to be the case) in the way that he does? We must look for the answers to these questions in Othello himself. (David et. All 1335-38) One starting point immediately suggests itself. Why is it so easy for Iago to persuade Othello that his beloved Desdemona has committed adultery with his lieutenant Cassio? Shouldn’t Othello’s love for Desdemona which I believe we should take at face value have inclined him to resist, or even just to ignore, Iago’s insinuations? It might be said that Iago gets away with his plan so easily because Othello is so trusting, as Iago himself suggests as he notes, Othello has ‘Ð ° free and open nature’ and will believe what he is told (I. 3, 396–400). And indeed, once Iago (seemingly) begins to respond to his demands for proof, Othello never doubts him until confronted with unmistakable proof of his treachery. (Travitsky 184-96) Certainly, Othello places Ð ° remarkable degree of trust in Iago but it seems inaccurate to say that he is trusting without qualification. He does not trust Desdemona at all. Admittedly, he catches her in Ð ° lie over the handkerchief he gave her, but had he been so disposed, he could have seen this for what it is the self-protective lie of Ð ° flustered young woman (II. , 45–94). More tellingly, he does not trust Emilia when she insists, repeatedly and strongly, that Desdemona has never betrayed him, even though Emilia (Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s personal attendant) is in Ð ° better position than anyone else to know about her intimate activities (IV. 2, 1–24). It begins to look as if Othello is prepared to trust some, but not others in particular, he trusts men but he does not trust women. This suspicion is confirmed by his remarks about women, remarks which we know to reflect general Elizabethan attitudes that women are naturally lustful, cannot be relied upon to maintain chastity without continual supervision, and are sly and deceitful to boot (III. 3, 264–80). Various comments, together with the whole tenor of his behaviour towards Iago, suggest very different beliefs about at least some classes of men, namely frank, hearty types such as Iago, whom he regards as honest and worthy of trust (III. 3, 124, and especially 245).

The Cultural Relevance of War and Art in Lysistrata Essay Example for Free

The Cultural Relevance of War and Art in Lysistrata Essay War, it seems, is mans chief preoccupation. Throughout history, as one regards how civilizations thrived and crumbled and flourished and collapsed, how cities rose up, fell, cultures subsumed and assimilated in the process, one notices that before language and art, customs and traditions, in man dwelled conflict, combat, and the pervasive propensity for hostility. On this basis, one may argue the consistency of battle in mans nature; the ever-present presence of this desire to dominate and destroy, for one reason or another: an instinct, it seems, stemming from the savage past where survival meant killing or being killed. But the advent of civilization tempered and somewhat refined mans attitude toward war. Though ever-present still, even to this day, as all base instincts are, many responses to warfare have been devised: often, alongside those who preach in favor of battle, the voices of those opposed to slaughter and bloodshed speak too, through various avenues and paths. And throughout history, no mouthpiece has been used more often than art: paintings and plays, poems and sculptures and displays of oratory: all depict what man feels, what he dwells on: that which batters and bombards his mind and soul, driving him to action. And as war remains a constant in life, so remains the presence of war in many works of art. From 431-399 BC in Ancient Greece the Peloponnesian War was fought. The thirty year conflict changed the entire social structure and landscape of Greece, inciting skirmishes and civil wars aplenty, causing much bloodshed and sorrow and suffering. The cessation of this war is the main theme of the ancient Greek comedy Lysistrata. To achieve this end, the playwright, Aristophanes, pits another base instinct against mans propensity for conflict: sexual intercourse. Aristophanes has the namesake of the play, a strong-willed woman, convince all the women of Greece to withhold all sexual favors from their husbands in order to cease the Peloponnesian War. A bloodless battle ensues between the forces of man and woman; in the end, fueled by an urgent desire to copulate, the men of the warring states of Sparta and Athens as well as their allies establish peace; this sets all aright, and celebration follows. In order to probe more deeply into the nature of the play and the concepts found therein, one must investigate the actual war Aristophanes alluded to and used as backdrop for his play, as well as the Mythology and Religion surrounding its conception. Both are integral to understanding and analyzing the social relevance of Lysistrata in the culture that produced it. When evaluated alongside current western religious inclinations and cultural leanings, one can discern the similarities and differences in the perception of war and its presence in art. The Peloponnesian War was a conflict waged between the forces of Athens and Sparta (and the people of the surrounding areas, either allied to one of the two mentioned states) over a period of approximately 30 years. The aftermath of the war completely transformed ancient Greece, restructuring the distribution of power and inflicting untold horrors upon a multitude of people and cities, in the process wreaking havoc and devastation comparable to the atrocities and mass destruction observed in many contemporary accounts of modern warfare. Aristophanes wrote Lysistrata in 411 BC, at the height of the war, which was brought to a close in 399 BC; thus the comedy was in part a piece of wishful thinking, a satirical look at the atrocity-filled events currently occurring at the time. Greek mythology, comprised of a plethora of gods and goddesses, played a large role in ancient Greek life; this is reflected in the play when Lysistrata and the throng of females, in vowing to halt any sexual activities with their husbands, seal their oath by sacrificing wine to the gods, pledging their resolve to follow through on their self-appointed task. This example portrays religion as a component and constituent of culture and history, a cultural artefact contributing to the social make-up of Greek civilization. Thus does the play begin: the women, bolstered and enforced by religion-as-culture, driven to cease a cultural event in this case, war and bloodshed. Thus do we see Aristophanes affixing a cultural context into his play, assimilating the religious and cultural practices of his time into his art, assigning it an integral role as a driving factor in the action of the play. Culture informs all pieces of art. All works can be seen as offshoots of a particular culture at a particular point in time. Lysistrata can be construed as being the product of Aristophanes, himself a product of Athenian culture and religion, compelled to create the work by the cultural events preoccupying his mind at the time, namely the Peloponnesian War. This action a cultural creation (in this case, Aristophanes) creating Art (a cultural artefact) in response to cultural Events such as war mirrors the countless acts of creation found in the myriad number of books and sculptures, plays, films, poems, and pieces of music man has produced in reaction to cultural entities and events. The brutality provoked by war and the ensuing cultural creations were prevalent in much of twentieth century history. Two world wars and countless civil wars and armed conflicts worldwide have instigated the construction of hundreds of Lysistratas, engendered by countless cultures, comprised of and informed by a multitude of sociopolitical, religious, and cultural activities. The many acts of barbarity and bloodshed have as driving forces sociopolitical and cultural Epistemes: take the Communist-driven Spanish Civil War, or the Cold War waged in the latter part of the twentieth century; take the Nazi-Ideology driven battles fought in World War 2, or the armed campaigns resulting in colonization and appropriation of land and resources and people in various parts of the world, as reflected in the subjugation of Greece by Sparta at the end of the Peloponnesian War, replayed time and time again when Western nations colonized much of Asia and Africa in the name of King, God, or Country. Razed lands and lives led many to create works of art immortalizing the history, outcomes, and consequences of the aforementioned events, contributing to the cultural and historical landscape of their own times. These cultural artefacts allow us to examine how cultural events propagate themselves, and perceive the subtle links between past and present culture and history .

Qantas Emphasizes On Achieving Vision Marketing Essay

Qantas Emphasizes On Achieving Vision Marketing Essay Qantas Airways Limited was established in 1920 in Queensland, Australia. It is the largest that flight both domestic and global destination as well as oldest airline in Australia. In the past, Qantas started sending mails and carrying travelers by biplanes and expand the destinations worldwide such as Australia, Asia, The Americas, Europe, and Africa. Qantas provides the full service for passengers who flight both international and domestic. Qantas emphasizes on achieving the vision and the goals to be the leader in airline industry. Qantas is a premium, full service airline which focus on the safety first, mange airplane that suitable with the destination, caring about customer service, operational effectively, and create two strong brands reputation that is Qantas and Jetstar. Jetstar is subsidiary of Qantas which focusing on the low cost. The company also concerns for cost advantage and differentiate. Qantas applies Porters Five Forces of Michael Porter to describe industry structure. Regarding to airline industry is deregulation; Qantas is the private airline business that independence from government. Therefore there are many competitors compete with low cost and services to get the customer loyalty. This report also analyze Qantass situation with SWOT that is Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. The company is looking at the core competencies to be different from the competitors and taking benefit from the cost advantage by using strategies to build up competitive advantages and brand recognition and brand loyalty. To maintain the brand image and customer loyalty, the company need to concern about customer service by creating the promotion such as make alliance with prestigious company both international and local. Moreover, Qantas need to provide more training to the staff to act with passengers that can create customer fealty. Qantass corporate mission The Qantas Airways Limited has the mission statement to achieve the purpose of them as the best airline of the world. According to Aviation business (2009) stated that The corporate mission statement for the 2008/09 FY was restoring our reputation, confronting the crisis, operating sustainably and planning for the future. To achieve the vision of Qantas group which include Qantas Airways and Jetstar, they focus on the five factors such as safety is first antecedence, providing the aircraft to match with the right routes, offering the best customer services, operational effectiveness, and two strong complementary brands both Qantas and Jetstar. (Aviation business, 2009; Qantas Airways, 2010) First factor is safety first. Qantas is the premium that provide full-service both global and local airline. (Qantas Airways Limited, 2010) They maintain and unchanged the best safety by exercising and reporting the safety to be the worlds best safety airline. (Qantas Airways Limited, 2010) Second , providing the aircraft to suit the route, Qantas focuses on renovate the aircraft to be competent as well as match with the direction. (Qantas Airways Limited, 2010) For example, Qantas Group arranges for 50 Boeing 787s to revamp their aircraft to match with network. (AAP, 2010) Third, offering full customer services, the best customer service is the basis of their objective. (Qantas Airways Limited, 2010) Forth, operational effectiveness, Qantas attempts to accomplish by straightforwardness as well as create productivity through their company. (Qantas Airways Limited, 2010) Last, making strong brand both Qantas and Jetstar, the company endeavors to create the best premium brand for Qantas and Jetstar as low cost. (Qantas Airways Limited, 2010) Qantass Business Strategies Refer to Qantass corporate mission; the company applies the business strategy to accomplish their mission which emphasize on several things such as forward thinking, safety first, sustainable operations, strong reputation brands, great people, superior infrastructure, caring customers, environmental responsibility, and giving feedback. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) In addition, Qantas focuses on all types of business strategy such as cost leadership and differentiate but the company emphasize on differentiate from other airlines. First strategy is forward thinking. Qantas has been undertaking the innovation of technology to be higher performance and be the leader of product and service in airline business. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) The company also uses this strategy to be a part of their culture as well as the innovation is always considered about their customers demand and shareholders need. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Second is safety first. It is one of the strategies that Qantas concerns. Safety first is the heart of their company due to the company needs to be the best safety training and reporting of the world. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Qantas focuses on flying safety, safety management, security, occupational health and safety, and performance. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Qantas invests amount of money to support high standard of operational safety and performance. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) All staff safety training is overseen by policy that everyone is able to show the safety through individual act and effectively management risk. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Moreover, the Qantas groups occupational Health and Safety (OHS) program provide useful system such as health and safe work surrounding and strong safety culture to support the company to avoid harm. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Third, this is sustainable operations. According to The Qantas Group Annual Review (2010) mentioned that For the Qantas Group, sustainability is about managing short-term and long-term risks, seizing opportunity, and doing things right for our shareholders, our customers, our people and our community. Forth, Qantas focuses on strong brand reputation. As Qantas is the main airline of Australia, the company is the premium transporter that provide the full service both international and domestic route with safety. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) There are two keys factor that Qantas concerns such as exactly time and faithfully to meet customer satisfaction as well as the company still attempt to preserve with high performance standards. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Fifth, Qantas concerns for the great people both men and women to work with excellent place as well as offer training and improvement their staffs skill. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) For example, the company invests in improving leadership skills for managers to operate staff to meet everyone satisfy. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Sixth, superior infrastructure is one of Qantass business strategies. To success in flight, it is essential to invest to renew the aircraft for developing in safety, travelers comfort, costs, fuel efficiency, noise, emanation, freight capacity, and range capability. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Moreover, creating superior infrastructure, Qantas also concerns for engineering due to it is one of factors that build Qantas reputation for security, trustworthy, and production. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) In addition, Qantas is also concerning about the catering that serve to passenger both international and domestic as well. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) What is more, the airport is one of the superior infrastructures that the company concerns due to the firm cares for high quality of terminal and lounges facilities to support passenger who transfer the flight. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Seventh, Qantas does everything to meet customers need from booking and boarding and from in flight to suitcases collection. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) The company provides to assists the travelers what they want as well as caring for safety, happiness, and convenient. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) For example, Qantas offers the next generation check in which include seat selection, online and mobile check-in, kiosks, and premium service desk and security. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Eighth, environmental responsibility, Qantas is always considering for the environmental strategy by emphasizing on fuel preservation as well as supporting the environmental organizations throughout the Qantas Foundation. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Last, giving feedback is one of Qantass business strategies that works as affiliation to encourage, offer opportunities, save the surrounding and assist something that suffer from catastrophe. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) In addition, Qantas is also supporting and being sponsor for sports such as Formula 1and football World Cup 2022. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) What is more, the company is giving back for the society and families that support them from abroad. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) Industry structure In term of industry structure, the essay is analyzing with Porters five forces with current situation of airline industry. Qantas Company Limited is an example to examine for the industry structure. The company can describe with industry rivalry, potential new entrants, substitutes, suppliers, and buyers. First of all is industry rivalry. In the past, Australian Airline market is regulating by government but in 1990 it changed to deregulation so Qantas acquired local Australian Airline and being the market leader. (Flight Global, 2010) However, there are many competitors that had occurred in the airline industry after deregulation that can compete with Qantas. Therefore this industry is high competition and low risk due to rate of return and high cost as well as airline industry can face with the big problem such as economic crisis. (Investopedia, 2010) Therefore Qantas confronts with high industry rivalry that existing in the airline industry especially international airline. Air Asia, for instance, it is the low cost airline that flight across Southeast Asia and Australia. (Thomas, 2010) Consequence, there are many competitors that existing in the market at the present; it can continue increased in the future as well. Second, potential new entrants is one of the current situation of industry structure that Qantas has to concern. As airline industry need to use large amount of money to enter in this industry so it is quite difficult for the new investors to invest. (Investopedia, 2010) Moreover, it is depending on the financial situation as well. (Investopedia, 2010) However, if the new airliners can create the company reputation, they can easily to catch the customers even the price are higher. (Investopedia, 2010) Therefore the potential new entrants are somewhat high in the airline industry because of deregulation as well. Third, substitutes, airline industry have high competition as well as a cost is also high. (Investopedia, 2010) For the domestic, travelers can take car or train or bus instead of using airline service that can effect with airline industry. (Investopedia, 2010) However, some passengers who use international flight can a little effect with airline industry due to they do not have more choice to go abroad. (Investopedia, 2010) Therefore the substitutes may high or low, it is depending on the customers favorite such as convenient, budget, and time. (Investopedia, 2010) Forth, bargaining power of suppliers is one of forces that can analyze the business strategy. Airbus and Boeing are primarily supply the aircraft for airlines business. (Investopedia, 2010) For example, overall of aircrafts of Qantas is approximate 246 aircraft which including Boeing 747s, 767s,737s and 717s, Airbus A380s, A330s and A320s, Bombardier Dash 8s and Bombardier Q400s. (Qantas Airways Limited, 2010) As mentioned for Qantass aircraft, it is can see that most of fleets are supplying by Boeing and Airbus. Therefore the bargaining power of suppliers is high in current airline industry. Last, bargaining power of buyers, as Qantas is the premium, full service in-flight both international and domestic airline. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) The company had focused on the customer satisfaction. (Qantas Annual Review, 2010) There are high price if the passenger prefer to change the airplanes but the airline can compete with the service such as comfortable. (Investopedia, 2010) On the other hand, as the current situation customers have many options such as buy ticket via travel agent, or website itself to choose, they may concern for price, quality and service. Therefore the bargaining power of buyers is high for the airline industry. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis uses for evaluating the strategy of the company which can divide into 2 parts such as external and internal environment. External analysis is looking at the Opportunities and Threats outside the organization as well as Internal analysis is emphasizing on the Strengths and Weaknesses within organization. (Value Based Management, 2010) External Analysis (Opportunities and Threats) Opportunities Technology advance, Qantas uses the technology to apply with products and service for customer to have more convenient. For example, according to Tay (2010) A 2D barcode image is replacing paper boarding passes for domestic passengers using Qantass new Mobile Check-in service. This service provide customers check in on their mobile which they will receive text message confirmation with 2D barcode. (Tay, 2010) Moreover, Jetstar also will launch this system as well. (Tay, 2010) In addition, as Qantas is one of the members of Oneworld alliance that is big alliance group. This group can lead Qantas has many services for example, Frequent Flyer program can create brand recognition and customer loyalty for Qantas. (Qantas, n.d.) Threats There are many threats that can affect with Qantas current situation such as fuel price, economic crisis, environmental problem and deregulation. Nowadays, fuel price is unstable and trend to increase, it is the problem that every airline worry. According to ABC News (2008) mentioned that Qantas CEO Geoff Dixon says fuel prices are a greater challenge to the global airline industry than SARS or the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the US. In term of economic crisis, it can affect with airline business revenue that passenger use less of travel by airplane due to high cost. Moreover, environmental problem, refer to a volcanic explosion in Iceland; it can affect with Qantas stopped flight and causes of delay. It can lead to disappoint for passengers who have to wait at the airport. (AAP, 2010) Moreover, deregulation of airline industry can effect with Qantas. Deregulation brings up the airline focuses on complete in low cost instead of service and safety. (Study Finds, 2010) Internal Analysis (Strengths and Weaknesses) Strengths Qantas Airways Limited has strong business strategy with full service and premium as well as Jetstar focuses on the low cost fare. (Qantas Airways Limited, 2010) The company has high strong brand recognition and brand reputation which receive the award for the best premium economic class. (Qantas Airways Limited, 2010; Platt, 2010)) The company also emphasize on the best safety and customer service. Moreover, Qantas is one of the members of Oneworld Alliance which include the big airline such as American Airlines, British Airways, Canadian Airlines and Cathay Pacific. (Study Finds, 2010) The purpose of this group is helping each other within the group such as engineering and performance as well as provides many facilities to passenger when connecting flight. (Study Finds, 2010) Weaknesses Refer to Qantas manages the human resources especially engineering and maintenance from overseas. It can lack of qualified and knowledge of staff to maintain the aircraft. (Study Finds, 2010) It also can damage the brand image and customer loyalty. In addition, the company provides inadequate training of staff. Moreover, Qantas is unable to control their staff. (Harvey, 2009; Bourke, 2010) As Qantas focuses on the safety first, everyday flight 24 hours even holiday but their engineers strike for holiday that can effect with them. (Harvey, 2009; Bourke, 2010) Core Competencies In term of core competencies, it is necessary for the business to bring the business strategies with the competitive advantage to apply in the business process. (Value Based Management, 2010; Matt, 2010) Those competencies can develop the end products more efficiency as well as core competency consist of abilities of acquaintance, production process, customer relationships and staff which help the company to reach the goal and being the market leader. (Vitez, 2009) Moreover, strategic architecture can describe the possible ways that the company is able to go to future and bring the company go along the new core competencies to create the benefits as well as reach the customers need and provide them to use those benefits efficiently. (Hamel and Prahalad, 1994, p.118) Strategic architecture such as information and social architecture is the ways to define the top managements to allocate the human resources correctly. (Hamel and Prahalad, 1994, p. 117) For example, According to Hamel and Prahalad (1994, p. 117) stated that To create a social architecture senior management must have a point of view on what values should predominate, what behaviors should be encouraged, what kind of people should feel comfortable working in the company. In case of Qantas, Airways Limited, the companys core competency is premium airline with full services. The company applies their core competencies with two strong brands reputation both Qantas and Jetstar and human resources. What is more, Qantas Airways Limited puts core competencies to create the firm to have competitive advantages. Competitive advantage Refer to Michael Porters competitive advantage is called generic strategies that have 3 main areas such as cost leadership, differentiate and focus or niche strategy. (Marketing Teacher, 2010; Matt, 2009) Focus group can divide into 2 parts namely cost focus and differentiate focus which look within focus market. (Value Based Management, 2010; Mind Tools, n.d.) Refer to Qantas Airways Limited, the company emphasizes on differentiate and cost advantage to reach competitive advantage. Hence, Qantas Airways Limited concerns competitive advantage which looking at the differentiate advantage and cost advantage. Differentiate Advantage According to Investing Smart (n.d.) pointed out that Jetstars quick rise to be one of the worlds most successful low-cost carriers places the Qantas Group well in term of product offering and differentiate. A380s and B787 Dreamliners, for instance, Qantas organizes to book those 2 aircrafts to serve the passenger to compete the competitive advantage more than others. (Investing Smart, n.d.) In case of Qantas establishes the frequent flyer program that different from other airline to make customer loyalty. (Qantas, n.d) According to Hoffman (2010) stated that Qantas announced today that Qantas Frequent Flyer has reached seven million members and predicted ongoing solid growth over the foreseeable future. The purpose of this program is to motivate passenger travel by using Qantas. The benefit of using frequent flyer, they will get point to upgrade the seat if earn enough point or using point in some alliance store and upgrade for weight of baggage as well as accessing to the Oneworld alliance lounge which provide foods, drinks, and other facilities. (Qantas, n.d.; Hoffman, 2010) Moreover, Qantas is also coalition with many local companies such as supermarket, restaurant entertainment, travel travel services, finance and business and shopping car. Woolworths, for example, Qantas uses frequent flyer program to associate with Woolworths Everyday Rewards to gather the poin t which provide the competitive advantage to each other. (Evan, 2010; Hoffman, 2010) Cost advantage Refer to Qantas Airways Limited is the premium full airline service with the premium price. The company starts the Jetstar for low cost airline to serve the passengers who travel in domestic such as Sydney and Melbourne. (Qantas Airways Limited, 2010) Moreover, as Qantas is one of the world recognition and reputation brand with the full service and safety in the airline industry. Qantas is also pushing Jetstar to flight for global destination in Asia Pacific to serve travelers to get more option as good service as Qantas with the economical fare. (Gregg, 2007) Strategy Recommendations As Qantas Airways Limited have plausible business strategies that can lead their business successful. Nevertheless, the company also has some weaknesses can cause many problems. Consequently, Qantas should pursue some recommendation to sustain the brand recognition and reputation. Cost and competition Regarding to airline industry is deregulation which independence from the government. It can lead to the intense of competition in case of cost. Airlines can freedom to set the price and some have less quality. Thence, the government should re-deregulation for airline industry. (Lowy, 2010; Elliott, 2010; Study Finds, 2010) This can avoid the airline competition with the lower cost and maintain the good quality of customer services as well. (Lowy, 2010; Elliott, 2010; Study Finds, 2010) Moreover, it also helps to renew the financial situation of airline industry as well as brand recognition. (Elliott, 2010). In addition Re-deregulation can decrease the new competitors to cut the costs as well. (Elliott, 2010) Customer Services As airline industry is both products and services that provide customers and reach the best satisfaction. Alliance is one of the ways that can provide the passengers happy. Qantas should collaborate with both domestic and global company. Metro Hotel, for example, the hotel is the partner of Qantas Frequent Flyer program when the customers using the frequent flyer card with this hotel they will get the point that can convert to be the money or voucher or discount from some events. (Metro Hotel, 2010) It is not only hotel but also car rental, grocery store, and bank. (Credit Card Finder, 2010) This way can make both companies get the customer loyalty and motivate them to use their service. Moreover, Qantas should make survey to update the detail what customers want such as service, catering, seat, entertainment, flight attendant, and lounge. (Platt, 2010) This study can help Qantas to maintain the rank of the worlds best airline, sustain customers pleasure, and retain the profit of the company as well. (Platt, 2010) In addition, Qantas should not focus only the first class but also economy class as well. To reach customer satisfaction, the company should provide and serve all class with the best service such as meals, seat, and drinks. (Govindasamy, 2010) Human Resources Qantas should focus to human resources by providing more training to meet customers fulfillment as well as brand recognition. The company put facilities and urge for staffs training to meet the standard of customer service and reach customers satisfaction. (Creedy, 2009) In addition, the company should encourage staff to be a part of their business as well. Moreover, safety is one of the first priorities that every airline must concern. Qantas Airways Limited, for example, as airline industry is high risk, the company needs to maintain the standard of safety. It is because of if the company lack of safety and security; it can be in trouble that can cause damage of brand recognition and reputation. (Sykes, 2010) Qantas should invest to hire the best engineering to preserve the objective of the company. If the company provides the best wellbeing and security, it can build up the brand image and profit as well. (Sykes, 2010) Moreover, Qantas should provide dependability to all customers and employee as well as manage the environmental friendly in the areas. (Sykes, 2010; Qantas Airways Limited, 2008) Potential Fallout Regarding to Qantas Airways Limited achieves the vision and goals of company itself and be the best premium with full service airline. Anyway, the company can meet some failures. Hence, the company needs to keep their firm going and maintain the financial situation stable in the present and future as well. The potential fallout can include human resources and re-deregulation that Qantas should be worried. First of all, Qantas may be unsuccessful due to the human resources. Refer to Qantass goals, the company concerns for the safety first. The company has to invest large amount of money to training and hire outsourcing staff especially engineering and maintenance but they are unqualified. (The Daily Telegraph, 2008) Qantas can fail due to their staff are lack of attention and participate to maintain the good quality of engine as well as some of them lack of knowledge that can cause of accidents. (The Daily Telegraph, 2008) For example, Qantass aircraft faces the accident due to the inadequate of employee to check properly. (Study Finds, 2010) Moreover, from some study found that Qantass training such as emergency evacuations and baggage handling fail. (ABC News, 2010) Therefore refer to worlds best airline rank; Qantas had dropped. (Platt, 2010) It can lead Qantas damage of brand reputation as well as customer loyalty. Re-deregulation can be one of failures that airline industry may face. As deregulation allows the airline set the cost by them, it can increase the intense of competition in low cost. Regarding to Qantas focuses on the premium and full airline service; moreover they also focus on Jetstar as a low cost airline. If the authorities restore the re-deregulation, it may affect with Qantas and Jetstar. It is because the government may control the price and the standard of service. When the passenger needs to travel in domestic, they may change the behavior to use other modes such as cars, train or bus that because of high cost of air ticket (Study Finds, 2009) Refer Jetstar may affect due to they focus in low fare ticket, it can reduce the profit of the company. Conclusion Qantas Airways Limited has strong brand reputation in the premium and full service airline with a subsidiary Jetstar as the low cost airline. They provide great the products and services for passenger and create the brand reputation in the global. The company also stresses on the advance technology, safety is first priorities, customer services, environmentally friendly and human resources. Besides they apply their strategies and core competencies to reach customers want and build up customer loyalty. Anyway, there is some threatening such as domestic and international competition that can lead Qantas weaken. Those contestants can snatch the market share and create brand loyalty by better service, less accident, and punctual. Thus, Qantas has to maintain standard the quality of service to be the worlds best airline in the world.

The Legend of The Scottish Play :: Urban Legends

The Legend of "The Scottish Play" 1) Background I interviewed a freshman theater major at the University on the topic of urban legends. The interview was conducted in my dormitory room. The nineteen-year-old female college student is originally from Delaware, and her parents are both real estate appraisers. When inquired about urban legends, she recalled the theater lore and superstitions that she knew intimately as an actress. The interviewee was particularly eager to talk about the curse associated with Macbeth, the Scottish Play. 2) Transcription of the Legend of the Scottish Play Macbeth! That’s not a superstition! That’s truth and fact! [gestures emphatically with fist] If you do Macbeth, something bad will happen; if you say, â€Å"Macbeth† in the theater, something bad will happen. I have true stories to testify to that one. Let’s see, umm what show were we doing?... Our Town, we were doing Our Town. And there are [clears throat] people in my school like to mess with people like me who believe in the Macbeth superstition, and so they’ll go into the theater and they’ll just go, â€Å"MACBETH!† and I will freak out and I tell them to go outside and spin around three times and spit over their left shoulder, because that’s the [antidote]. But they don’t, because they’re trying to mess with me, and something bad always happens. So when we’re doing Macbeth, this kid, who is one of the stage managers, I wasn’t there when it happened so I couldn’t make him go outside, but my director told me that he said, â€Å"Macbeth,† in the theatre, and so I was like freaking out and everyone was like, â€Å"don’t freak out, it’s not a big deal,† but it was, because our curtain broke. That day. Later that day, the curtain broke. It was two days before the show. Yeah. His fault. Another example. We were doing Romeo and Juliet and okay, now I know this is not an accident, but it doesn’t matter. Still, somebody said â€Å"Macbeth† in the theatre, and I told them to go outside and spin around but they didn’t do it, and then somebody stole all my costumes, and I was Juliet so it was kind of a big deal and kind of bad. It came from, because the um, the spells that are said

Economic Growth Essay -- Economy, Neoclassical Model

According to the New Classical Model, economic growth can be achieved by accumulating labor, capital and other factors of production. Since all these factors experience diminishing marginal returns, the economy can only achieve a steady equilibrium income through continuous increase in saving and investment but at the same time reduce population growth. However, a policy that helps to increase both savings and investment but at the same time reduce population growth especially in developing countries is difficult to be implemented. This was supported by Blomstrom and Kokko (2003) who claimed that developing countries have low-income that lead to low savings with higher population growth rates. Solow (1956, 1957) also recognized the importance of technical progress as a determinant of economic growth. Technology is an exogenous factor. Per capita income cannot be increased to a steady state or even to a high level income economy unless these technologies are converged. The modern growth theory also supported the importance of technological progress because it can convert diminishing returns to increasing returns. Technological progress can take place in the form of education, training and research & development (R&D). With this, developing countries have the potential to grow faster. Blomstrom and Kokko (2003) confirmed that the potential of converting this knowledge of technology depends on the economic level of capital. The economic level of capital in a nation is determined by two sources. One is the domestic capital and the other is the foreign capital. Domestic capital is obtained through domestic savings made by the public and private sectors. Meanwhile, the foreign capital is obtained through the inflow of foreign dire... ...ious channels that create location advantage. Thus, location advantage can be obtained through channels like financial development, human capital development and environmental condition. In contrast, Chakraborty and Nunnenkamp (2008) claimed that economic growth influenced by location advantage does not necessarily bring positive impact but also negative impact to the economy. This supported the study by Li and Liu (2004). When foreign direct investment inflow takes place it can create job opportunity, economic growth, solve indebtedness and transfer technology but at the same time it can also create negative impacts like deficit in the balance of payment, pollution, economic dependence and social problems. Kugler (2005) also claimed that foreign direct investment can also affect industry negatively as well as positively, where it is usually underestimated.

Essay --

Anti-Social Personality Disorder is a classified personality disorder in which a person, sometimes referred to as a â€Å"psychopath†, has a lack of empathy, an increased chance of acting violently towards others, and a complete disregard for authority and punishment. Prevalent features and symptoms include: shallow emotions, irresponsibility, mistrust of others, reckless thrill-seeking, disrespect for the law, prone to lash out with physical violence, harmful impulsiveness, arrogance, manipulative, greedy, lack of kindness or compassion, disrespect for others, and dishonesty (Psychology Today, n.d.). A main factor of this disorder is the inability to process, interpret, and display emotion, even fear. An example is that most criminals with this disorder respond drastically different to their sentencing than normal. They seem relaxed and unable to process it on an emotional level. They are also fully aware of what they are doing, and have no sense of distorted reality, or rem orse which classifies them as sane people. They also have neurotransmitter deficiencies in the brain, such as reduced serotonin and dopamine (Freedman & Verdun-Jones, 2010). The overall population of people having this disorder is a small amount, about 3% and higher in prisons and abuse clinics which is around 70%. Also, because of their constant involvement in violence, most people diagnosed with this disorder die by violent means such as suicide and homicide (Internet Mental Health, n.d.). People with Anti-Social Personality Disorder have also been found to have an impaired learning condition, notably a term called Response Reversal. This is defined as a change of behavior following a reversal of a previously established relationship between events and their re... ...mental disorder is not the same as a definition of that mental disorder, and even though PPD indeed synonymous with antisocial personality disorder, they are different terms for the same disorder (Hart & Cook, 2012). Another argument is that PPD could be caused by a combination of different personality disorders, and not just one, as well as many environmental patterns, not just genetic (Association for Psychological Science, n.d.). In conclusion, Anti-Social Personality disorder has immense effects on people concerning empathy, violence, and even learning. It is also a very resistant disorder to treat. However, much needs to be learned about this disorder in order to help patients live normal lives, and can even be useful in establishing a treatment context for addressing conditions such as substance abuse, impulsive aggression, and schizophrenia ( Pajerla, 2007).

How useful is Personality Theory? Essay

What motivates human behaviour? Why is the past present and future important to the development of personality? How constant is human behaviour? These questions along with many others determine the need for a theory that will answer some of the questions. Personality Theories aim to provide a viable description for people’s individual differences, it attempts to answer the questions mentioned above and assign some kind of meaning into people’s behaviour. (Furnham & Heaven pg10) There are many different theories in order to explain personality; some would explain people’s unique behaviour as being a product of our environment or social situations, personal learning or part of our genetic makeup. Personality theory attempts to explain the how is our behaviour shaped, what makes us behave in certain ways in certain social situations and why do we behave in this manner. The notion is that people are unique and no two people behave alike in a predicament, no matter how close they are. (Furnham & Heaven pg4) The method in which personality theorists look at the development of personality all differ, some examine the structure which attempts to reach below the surface of observable trait type behaviours. Some explain the actual processes of personality; others investigate the development of personality. An important reason for studying personality is to gain scientific knowledge and to try to assess people so that deviant behaviours can be modified. (Roth pg365) Concerning the different personality theories only one theory will be mentioned in this essay, that being the trait-type approach which explains personality as inherited differences that are biological. This theory of personality is used quite often in our every day life and the benefits and implications of using personality theories will be examined in detail, throughout the progression of this essay. Personality is a pro-active process and the theories attempt to stabilise one’s behaviour, and because personality is an implicate theory we can predict that people will behave in a certain way. The well-known scale for introversion and extraversion as described by (Hippocrates, Galen, Winott, Jung, Eysenck, and Cattell among others) has been shown to be directly related to mental health, learning and education, risk taking, criminality and other social behaviours. These behaviour patterns may not become known by observation, or just meeting a person, this is why this approach has some benefits. (Wallace pg10) Individual differences in personality have long been recognised, in the last hundred years psychologists have made a great deal of progress in developing procedures for assessing personality. A large number of assessment methods, tasks and gadgets have been used to assay mans behaviour, attitudes, thoughts, aspirations and deviations. All of these approaches to assessing categorising, or measuring personality, have involved collecting responses from, or making observations about, the subject which could be used to infer more general personality traits or status characteristics. (Butcher page 4) The use of personality testing in occupational assessing has been increasing over the past two decades. Some recent surveys have, for example suggested that up to two thirds of large organisations in the UK use personality assessment for selecting managers. The vast majority of organisations use tests responsibly and wisely, although it is undoubtedly true some do not. The British psychological Society (BPS) aim to promote responsible use. (Dr Russell Drakeley pg29) Personality assessment can be used for staff selection, promotion, individual personality development, team development, career guidance, counselling, educational or learning difficulties or clinical personality assessment. The possibilities of personality testing are varied, and some of the ones included in the above list would not meet with universal approval. Using personality tests for promotion and redundancy are especially controversial and in the past have caused much consternation, both within and outside occupational psychology. (Dr Russell Drakeley pg28)